土壤调理剂对赤霞珠根际细菌群落的影响

Soil conditioners affect rhizospheric bacterial communities of Cabernet Sauvignon

摘要:

本研究旨在将餐厨固废和腐熟牛粪等分别与脱硫石膏、煤矸石、麦饭石复配造粒成3种土壤调理剂，在赤霞珠(Cabernet Sauvignon)盐渍化种植地开展田间试验，分析其对根际细菌群落的影响，以期为土壤改良和修复提供科学依据。试验设T1 (对照)、T2 (常规施肥)、T3 (化肥减施+有机质型含钙土壤调理剂)、T4 (化肥减施+有机质型含硅土壤调理剂)、T5 (化肥减施+有机质型含镁土壤调理剂)处理，重复3次。结果表明土壤调理剂处理显著改善了葡萄根际营养与产量和品质(P<0.05)，根际变形菌门(Proteobacteria)相对丰度增加17.32%–23.37%，未知细菌类群(unidentified_Bacteria)和酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)相对丰度分别减少4.22%–28.42%和20.88%–35.81%，细菌群落物种构成和多样性存在差异。功能分析显示土壤调理剂处理根际细菌群落染色体和相关蛋白、mRNA生物合成、乙醛酸和二羧酸酯代谢等主要功能基因上调。关联分析表明根际多种环境因子影响细菌群落α多样性，细菌群落物种与葡萄产量及其品质密切关联。土壤调理剂能有效改善根际营养水平和细菌群落结构与功能，T5处理的根际理化和生物学性状以及葡萄产量和品质优于其他处理，具有一定的应用前景，为新型土壤调理剂的开发提供了重要依据。

Abstract:

Three soil conditioners were prepared from granulated food waste and decomposed cattle manure combined with desulfurization gypsum, coal gangue, and maifanite, respectively. Field trials were conducted in the saline field growing Cabernet Sauvignon. The effects of soil conditioners on rhizospheric bacterial communities were studied, with the aim of providing a scientific basis for soil amelioration and restoration. Five treatments were designed, including the control (T1), conventional fertilization (T2), reduced chemical fertilization+organic matter-based soil conditioner with calcium additives (T3), reduced chemical fertilization+organic matter-based soil conditioner with silica additives (T4), and reduced chemical fertilization+organic matter-based soil conditioner with magnesium additives (T5), each with three replications. The results indicated that soil conditioners improved the rhizospheric nutrients, yield, and quality of grape (P<0.05), increased relative abundance of Proteobacteria by 17.32%–23.37%, decreased relative abundance of unidentified_Bacteria and Acidobacteriota by 4.22%–28.42% and 20.88%–35.81%, respectively. The bacterial community composition and diversity were different between treatments. Function analysis showed that the expression levels of the genes involved in chromosome and protein synthesis, mRNA biosynthesis, and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism were up-regulated in the treatments with soil conditioners. The correlation analysis revealed that multiple environmental factors affected the alpha diversity of rhizospheric bacterial communities, and some bacterial taxa were closely related to the grape yield and quality. It is concluded that soil conditioners can effectively alter rhizosphere nutrient levels and bacterial community structures and functions. T5 treatment outperforms other treatments in improving the physico-chemical and biological characteristics of rhizosphere, and the yield, and quality of grape. It has potential for application, and provides an important basis for development of new-type soil conditioners.