维生素生物合成途径中酶的代谢与功能的探索

Enzyme metabolism and functions in vitamin biosynthesis pathways

摘要:

维生素作为生命活动中不可或缺的有机化合物，其生物合成途径依赖于生物体内复杂而精细的代谢网络。这一网络不仅涉及多种酶的协同作用，还包括多条代谢途径的交叉与整合。虽然在代谢工程和催化机制研究方面已取得了一些成果，但大量关键酶缺乏详细的酶学属性研究，这一现状限制了维生素生产效率的提升，同时也阻碍了对维生素合成机制的深入理解与优化。这不仅制约了维生素的工业化应用，也限制了相关生物技术的发展。本文综述了维生素合成途径酶领域的研究进展，详细阐述了13种维生素合成途径酶的研究现状，包括它们的代谢特性、动力学性质以及在生物工程中的应用，同时探讨了不同维生素代谢途径间以及与糖酵解途径合成酶的酶学性质差异，揭示了维生素合成途径中催化效率和底物亲和力的特点。此外，本文还探讨了深度学习方法在推进维生素酶学性质研究方面的潜力和应用前景，为维生素生产和优化提供了新的思路。

Abstract:

Vitamins, as indispensable organic compounds in life activities, demonstrate a complex and refined metabolic network in organisms. This network involves the coordination of multiple enzymes and the integration of various metabolic pathways. Despite the achievements in metabolic engineering and catalytic mechanism research, the lack of studies regarding detailed enzymatic properties for a large number of key enzymes limits the enhancement of vitamin production efficiency and hinders the in-depth understanding and optimization of vitamin synthesis mechanisms. Such limitations not only restrict the industrial application of vitamins but also impede the development of related bio-technologies. This study comprehensively reviews the research progress in the enzymes involved in vitamin biosynthesis and details the current status of research on the enzymes of 13 vitamin synthesis pathways, including their catalytic mechanisms, kinetic properties, and applications in biology. In addition, this study compares the properties of enzymes involved in vitamin metabolic pathways and the glycolysis pathway, and reveals the characteristics of catalytic efficiency and substrate affinity of enzymes in vitamin synthesis pathways. Furthermore, this study discusses the potential and prospects of applying deep learning methods to the research on properties of enzymes associated with vitamin biosynthesis, giving new insights into the production and optimization of vitamins.